1、全面(mian)(mian)通風(feng)全面(mian)(mian)通風(feng)就是(shi)對(dui)房間進行通風(feng)換氣(qi)，以稀釋室內有(you)害(hai)物，消(xiao)除余(yu)熱、余(yu)溫，使(shi)之符合(he)衛生標準要求(qiu)。全面(mian)(mian)通風(feng)的動力(li)可(ke)以是(shi)自然風(feng)壓和熱壓，也可(ke)以是(shi)風(feng)機風(feng)壓。全面(mian)(mian)通風(feng)具體實(shi)施方(fang)法(fa)又可(ke)分為全面(mian)(mian)排風(feng)法(fa)、全面(mian)(mian)送(song)(song)風(feng)法(fa)、全面(mian)(mian)排送(song)(song)風(feng)法(fa)和全面(mian)(mian)送(song)(song),局部(bu)排風(feng)混合(he)法(fa)等，可(ke)根據車間的實(shi)際情況采用不同的方(fang)法(fa)。

　　2、局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)送(song)風(feng)(feng)向局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)工作地(di)(di)點送(song)風(feng)(feng)，使(shi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)地(di)(di)帶造(zao)成(cheng)良好(hao)的(de)空氣(qi)環境(jing)。對于面積很(hen)大(da)，操(cao)作人(ren)員較(jiao)少的(de)生產車間(jian)，用(yong)全面通(tong)風(feng)(feng)的(de)方(fang)式改善(shan)整個(ge)車間(jian)的(de)空氣(qi)環境(jing)，既困難又不經濟，同時(shi)也是不必要(yao)的(de)。例如某(mou)些高(gao)溫車間(jian)，沒有必要(yao)對整個(ge)車間(jian)進(jin)行降溫，只需(xu)向個(ge)別的(de)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)工作地(di)(di)點送(song)風(feng)(feng)，在局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)地(di)(di)點造(zao)成(cheng)良好(hao)的(de)空氣(qi)環境(jing)，這種(zhong)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)方(fang)法稱為局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)送(song)風(feng)(feng)。

　　局(ju)部(bu)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)局(ju)部(bu)降溫(wen)，又分為系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)分散(san)式(shi)兩種。1.系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)式(shi)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)式(shi)就(jiu)是通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)設(she)(she)備將(jiang)室外空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)送(song)至(zhi)工作(zuo)(zuo)地(di)點(dian)(dian)。圖3-1-2是鑄造(zao)車間(jian)澆注工段(duan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)式(shi)局(ju)部(bu)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)示意圖。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)經集中(zhong)處理后送(song)入局(ju)部(bu)工作(zuo)(zuo)區。分散(san)式(shi)局(ju)部(bu)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一般使用(yong)(yong)軸(zhou)(zhou)流(liu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇或(huo)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen) 霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇，采用(yong)(yong)室內再循環(huan)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)。2.分散(san)式(shi)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)分散(san)式(shi)借(jie)助軸(zhou)(zhou)流(liu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇或(huo)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇，直接將(jiang)室內空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)吹向作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)地(di)帶進行(xing)循環(huan)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。(1)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)在作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)點(dian)(dian)附近設(she)(she)置普通(tong)軸(zhou)(zhou)流(liu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機進行(xing)循環(huan)吹風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(如圖3-1-3所(suo)示)，加快對(dui)流(liu)散(san)熱(re)(re)。工作(zuo)(zuo)點(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)：①輕(qing)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)——2～4m/s;②中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)——3～5m/s;③重作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)——5～7m/s。適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)氣(qi)溫(wen)不大于(yu)35℃，且非產塵的(de)(de)車間(jian)。　(2)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇是在通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機上(shang)裝(zhuang)有噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)局(ju)部(bu)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)設(she)(she)備，即在普通(tong)軸(zhou)(zhou)流(liu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機上(shang)加設(she)(she)甩水盤構成(圖3-1-4和(he)(he)(he)3-1-5所(suo)示)。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)具(ju)有降溫(wen)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)灑(sa)落在人(ren)體(ti)表面又能促進人(ren)體(ti)蒸(zheng)發散(san)熱(re)(re)，懸浮在空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)小(xiao)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴還能吸(xi)收(shou)熱(re)(re)輻射(she)，減(jian)輕(qing)人(ren)體(ti)受熱(re)(re)輻射(she)的(de)(de)影響。但(dan)也會引起人(ren)造(zao)汗。要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)：要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇應有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量和(he)(he)(he)射(she)程;噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)水滴<60μm，最(zui)大不超(chao)過100μm。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速不大于(yu)3～5m/s。應用(yong)(yong)：噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高溫(wen)、強熱(re)(re)輻射(she)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)地(di)點(dian)(dian)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)溫(wen)度高于(yu)35℃，輻射(she)強度大于(yu)1400W/m2，細小(xiao)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴對(dui)生產工藝無(wu)影響的(de)(de)中(zhong)、重作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)點(dian)(dian)。

　　3、事(shi)(shi)故(gu)通風(feng)(feng)(feng)對于(yu)有可(ke)能(neng)突然從設(she)(she)備或(huo)管(guan)道中逸出(chu)大(da)量有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)或(huo)燃燒爆(bao)炸(zha)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)房(fang)間(jian)(jian)，應設(she)(she)置(zhi)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，以便(bian)發生逸出(chu)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和常(chang)用排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)共(gong)同排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，盡(jin)快把有害(hai)物(wu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)到(dao)室外。事(shi)(shi)故(gu)通風(feng)(feng)(feng)設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機開關(guan)應設(she)(she)于(yu)便(bian)開啟的(de)(de)(de)地點，排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)除有爆(bao)炸(zha)危害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應考慮(lv)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機防爆(bao)問題(ti)。事(shi)(shi)故(gu)通風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)氣(qi)(qi)次(ci)數(shu)(通風(feng)(feng)(feng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量與(yu)房(fang)間(jian)(jian)空間(jian)(jian)體(ti)(ti)積的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值，單位為：次(ci)/h)，根據(ju)車間(jian)(jian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度和有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)容(rong)(rong)(rong)許(xu)濃度大(da)小來確(que)定。有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)容(rong)(rong)(rong)許(xu)濃度>5mg/m3時(shi)(shi)(shi)，車間(jian)(jian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度≤6m者(zhe)，換(huan)氣(qi)(qi)次(ci)數(shu)≥8次(ci)/h;車間(jian)(jian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度>6m者(zhe)，換(huan)氣(qi)(qi)次(ci)數(shu)≥5次(ci)/h。最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)容(rong)(rong)(rong)許(xu)濃度≤5mg/m3時(shi)(shi)(shi)，上(shang)(shang)述換(huan)氣(qi)(qi)次(ci)數(shu)應乘以1.5倍。事(shi)(shi)故(gu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)必(bi)須的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量應由(you)經常(chang)使用的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和事(shi)(shi)故(gu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)共(gong)同保(bao)證。事(shi)(shi)故(gu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機應分別在(zai)室內、外便(bian)于(yu)操作地點設(she)(she)置(zhi)開關(guan)。事(shi)(shi)故(gu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)室內排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)應設(she)(she)在(zai)有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)或(huo)爆(bao)炸(zha)危險物(wu)質散發量可(ke)能(neng)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)地點，事(shi)(shi)故(gu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)不設(she)(she)時(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)補(bu)償，而且(qie)一般不進(jin)(jin)行凈化處理(li)。事(shi)(shi)故(gu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)室 外排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放口(kou)(kou)(kou)吵應布置(zhi)在(zai)人員經常(chang)停留或(huo)經常(chang)通行的(de)(de)(de)地點，而且(qie)應高(gao)(gao)(gao)出(chu)20m范圍內最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)建(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)面3m以上(shang)(shang)。當(dang)其與(yu)機械送風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)進(jin)(jin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)水平距離(li)小于(yu)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)進(jin)(jin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)6以上(shang)(shang)。